• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
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    • 专利摘要:
    System and method of utilization of surplus electric power from a facility with renewable electricity generation. The system comprises a heat pump (2) with modulating compressor to adjust the power according to a production setpoint; and a control unit (1) configured to monitor the energy balance between the electrical network (4) and an electrical installation (10) with a renewable production system (5); determining, on the basis of said energy balance and at least one surplus control limit (106), if an enablement of the surplus energy regulation is made; calculate a surplus production setpoint that includes at least one operating parameter of the heat pump (2) to adjust the energy balance of the electrical installation (10) with the electrical network (4) according to a certain setpoint of energy balance (110); and send the slogan of surplus production to the heat pump (2). (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
    公开号:ES2635647A1
    申请号:ES201730620
    申请日:2017-04-17
    公开日:2017-10-04
    发明作者:Eladio PÉREZ FERNÁNDEZ；Francisco José UHÍA VIZOSO；Marta CALERO FERREIRO；Alejandro PEREIRO MELÓN；Víctor NOVOA NOVOA
    申请人:ECOFOREST GEOTERMIA S L；ECOFOREST GEOTERMIA SL；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Field of the Invention The present invention is encompassed within the field of electricity generation systems by means of renewable sources, and more specifically, in the systems of utilization of surpluses of electrical energy from a renewable electricity generation system.
    BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION One of the biggest challenges that generation and self-consumption of electricity represents is to manage the arbitrary nature of renewable sources that depend on multiple environmental factors that are difficult to predict, such as wind alone. This unpredictable nature of renewable energy means that, in most practical applications, the production periods do not coincide with the consumption periods.
    Currently, there are systems capable of taking advantage of the surpluses of renewable electricity production through the controlled activation of loads. However, with these methods it is difficult to balance the energy balance between production and consumption, since in every installation there are loads that cannot be matched with the production period, or when activated they produce a consumption that does not adjust to production.
    In most cases, this makes it necessary for power generation systems through renewable sources to remain connected to the power grid to balance the mismatches between production and consumption of the installation. Thus, in the periods in which consumption exceeds renewable production, the system consumes energy from the network (net consumption) and, in periods in which renewable production exceeds consumption, the system injects the surplus into the network. (net production) to balance the balance. However, this solution involves an additional investment and can generate instabilities and disorders in the distribution of energy. On the other hand, the cost of electricity in periods of net consumption of the installation is usually very

    superior to the benefit obtained in the periods of net production of the installation, which is an uninteresting option from the economic point of view.
    For the reasons stated above, it is vitally important to look for alternatives that allow to store the surplus of renewable energy in periods of net production so that it can be used in periods of net consumption, and thus reduce or eliminate dependence on the electricity grid. Among the accumulation options currently available, three types of applications can be highlighted: storage in the form of electrical energy, storage in the form of potential energy and storage in the form of thermal energy.
    Methods of surplus storage in electric batteries have long been known, which, thanks to technological advances in this field in recent years, have allowed the proliferation of facilities of this type. However, electric batteries have physical limitations associated with the charge density and their useful life and, in many cases, to ensure that it is possible to cover most of the consumption of an installation at any time, it is necessary to use a large number of batteries, which can increase the installation cost significantly.
    Methods of storage in the form of potential energy are also known to take advantage of the surplus from renewable sources, such as the storage of fluids by pumping or compressed gases. These methods are based on the use of electrical surpluses during the period of net production to pump or compress a fluid, increasing its potential energy, and then producing electricity through a turbine during periods of net consumption. But, once again, to cover high power consumption, large facilities and high cost are needed.
    Finally, there is the possibility of storing surplus electrical energy in the form of thermal energy, either in the form of heat or cold. This option has the advantage that most domestic, commercial or industrial installations usually use significant amounts of thermal energy, so that stored energy can be used directly. Among the technologies that allow thermal storage through renewable electricity production systems, two applications can be highlighted: by means of electrical resistors and by means of a heat pump.

    Thermal energy accumulation systems using electrical resistors have the advantage of being a very low cost and the efficiency of transforming electrical energy into thermal energy is 100%, that is, each electric kW is transformed into a thermal kW. However, they have the disadvantage that they only allow the accumulation of thermal energy in the form of heat. On the other hand, energy accumulation systems based on heat pumps can produce thermal energy, both in the form of heat and in the form of cold, depending on the needs. In addition, because they transfer energy from a cold spot to a hot spot, heat pump-based systems can achieve thermal power generation yields from electric power between 300 and 500%, which considerably increases the potential to exploit the electrical surplus of the renewable production system. There is even the possibility of taking advantage of both heat and cold generation simultaneously, in which case the thermal power generation yields can reach values between 700% and 900%.
    Another aspect that increases the utilization rate of the surplus of electrical energy is the power modulation capacity of the thermal production system. In this way, all / nothing production systems, both based on electrical resistors and heat pump, generate an uncontrolled electrical consumption, so that it cannot be adapted in real time to surplus production. Due to this, it is usual that when activating these thermal production systems the electrical consumption of the installation is superior to the production of the renewable system, which generates a net electrical consumption of the network with an associated operating cost. Therefore, it is only interesting to activate the production system above a certain electrical surplus value, which can significantly reduce the potential for using said surplus.
    Currently, control systems capable of modulating the power consumed by an electrical resistor are known in order to adjust the electrical consumption to the production in real time, so that overconsumption of the thermal production system is avoided. However, although there are different manufacturers in the market that sell heat pumps with the capacity to modulate power, there are no known technical solutions that allow the use of these equipment with the aim of adjusting the production / consumption energy balance of an installation. This is due to technical complexity and restrictions on the use of heat pumps, which makes it necessary

    that to obtain an efficient and reliable system it is necessary to develop equipment specifically designed to perform this function.
    DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The invention relates to a system and method for using surplus electrical energy from a renewable electricity generation system, which allows real-time adjustment between consumption and production, through the use of heat pumps modulate
    The system comprises a control unit and one or several heat pumps with at least one modulating compressor configured to adjust the power consumed according to a production setpoint. The control unit is configured to monitor the energy balance between the power grid and an electrical installation with a renewable production system; determine, based on said energy balance and at least one control limit of surplus, if an enabling of the regulation of excess energy is made; calculate a surplus production setpoint that includes at least one operating parameter of the heat pump to adjust the energy balance of the electrical installation with the mains according to a certain energy balance setpoint; and send the excess production setpoint to the heat pump.
    The system can also comprise means for measuring the energy exchange between the electricity grid and the electrical installation. In one embodiment, the means for measuring the energy exchange between the power grid and the electrical installation comprise a bidirectional energy meter; the control unit being configured to monitor the energy balance from the measurements received from the bi-directional energy meter.
    The control unit is preferably configured to calculate a surplus production setpoint that balances the energy balance between the power grid and the electrical installation. The surplus production setpoint may comprise an energy balance regulation signal indicative of the surplus production demand that the heat pump must generate or consume.
    In one embodiment, the surplus production setpoint comprises at least one operating setpoint in excess mode indicative of the temperature setpoint of at least one heat pump production service. The operating setpoint in surplus mode may comprise at least one of the following: excess DHW temperature, excess heating inertia accumulator temperature, excess cooling inertia accumulator temperature, pool temperature
    5 over, overflow temperature, and over ambient temperature.
    The surplus production setpoint may comprise a status signal in excess mode indicative of the enablement of energy surplus regulation. The surplus control limit comprises at least one of the following: upper limit
    10 of power exchanged between the electrical network and the electrical installation, lower limit of power exchanged between the electrical network and the electrical installation, time in which the upper limit of power is exceeded, time in which the lower limit of power is exceeded.
    In one embodiment, the heat pump is configured to handle demands of
    15 base production according to at least one base operation setpoint and, when receiving a surplus production setpoint, manage the demand for surplus energy production according to the surplus production setpoint received. The heat pump can also be configured to manage the demand for surplus energy production when the following conditions are met: there is no production demand
    20 base to satisfy; a surplus mode status signal indicative of the power surplus regulation enable is received; and there is a surplus of electrical energy that can be used to produce or store thermal energy in the electrical installation.
    A second aspect of the present invention relates to a method of utilizing surpluses of electrical energy from an installation with renewable electricity generation. The method includes the following steps: Monitor the energy balance between the power grid and an electrical installation with a renewable production system.
    30 Determine, based on said energy balance and at least one surplus control limit, if an enabling of the surplus energy regulation is made. Calculate a surplus production setpoint that includes at least one operating parameter of a heat pump with at least one compressor
    35 modulating, to adjust the energy balance of the electrical installation with the
    power grid according to a certain energy balance setpoint.Send the excess production setpoint to the heat pump.Adjust, by means of the heat pump, the power consumed according to theslogan of surplus production received.
    The surplus management technology that implements the proposed system provides the following advantages with respect to the currently existing solutions: -It allows to significantly increase the percentage of use of surpluses of electricity production from renewable sources with respect to the
    10 thermal production systems based on electrical resistors or all / nothing heat pumps, since they do not generate significant additional consumption when the system is activated.
    - It allows to obtain thermal production yields much higher than those that can be obtained with electrical resistors, both all / nothing and modulants.
    BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS A series of drawings that help to better understand the invention and that expressly relate to an embodiment of said invention that is presented as a non-limiting example thereof is described very briefly below.
    Figure 1 represents, according to one embodiment, the elements of the gray surplus management system: control unit and modulating heat pump.
    Figure 2 represents a process flow diagram executed by the control unit 25 for the use of surpluses of electrical energy from an installation with renewable electricity generation.
    Figure 3 shows a process flow diagram of the surplus management functionality of the heat pump.
    Figure 4 illustrates the application of the surplus management system to a photovoltaic solar generation facility.
    Figure 5 represents an example of reading the energy meter and the different variables that determine the enablement of electrical surplus management.
    Figure 6 illustrates an example of energy surplus regulation using a modulating heat pump, according to the present invention.
    5 Figures 7 A and 7B show a comparison of the exploitation potential of theelectrical surplus using an all / nothing heat pump (Figure 7A) or a pumpmodulating heat (Figure 7B).
    Figure 8 shows another example of a surplus management system applied to a photovoltaic solar generation installation, where the control unit is implemented internally in the heat pump itself.
    DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a system for utilizing surpluses of renewable electricity production, by means of modulating heat pumps that allow real-time adjustment of the consumption and surplus of electrical energy.
    The proposed system comprises a control unit that communicates with one or several modulating heat pumps, all of which have been expressly
    20 developed and / or adapted for the described function. The heat pumps used can be of any type (water-water, glycol-water, air-water, air-air, etc.) provided that they include at least one modulating compressor that allows to adjust the thermal power produced by varying the revolutions of rotation of the electric motor. The proposed system can be used in the domestic, commercial and industrial sectors for heat production applications,
    25 production of cold or production of heat and cold simultaneously. The proposed system can be used with any electrical production system from renewable sources with grid connection, whether from solar photovoltaic, wind or other technology.
    Figure 1 represents an embodiment of the surplus management system formed by a control unit 1 and one or several heat pumps 2 incorporating one or several modulating compressors.
    The control unit 1 is installed together with one or more heat pumps 2 that include surplus management technology. Said control unit 1 comprises a programmable controller equipped with software developed ad hoc with access to the reading of a bidirectional energy meter or bidirectional energy meter 3. Among the different applications allowed by the control unit 1 is the functionality of surplus management This functionality allows monitoring the energy balance between the power grid 4 and an electrical installation 10 with a renewable production system 5 and electrical charges 6 of the installation (which include one or more heat pumps 2 and additional electrical charges 6 ' of the installation), detecting in real time if there is a production or a net electricity consumption of the renewable production system 5 (Le. generation system through renewable sources) with respect to the electricity grid 4.
    If there is an injection of electrical energy to the network 4 that exceeds a certain value for a period of time, the control unit 1 sends a variable to the heat pump 2 indicating that there is an excess. On the other hand, the control unit 1 accesses the heat pump 2 to generate extra production demands and, at the same time, transmits information on how to adjust the compressor consumption to balance the balance between production and consumption with respect to the power grid If the grid injection drops below a certain value for a period of time, or there is a net consumption that reaches a given value, the control unit 1 deactivates in the heat pump the variable that indicates that there is a surplus. For greater system flexibility, the balance values (injected / consumed kW) in which surplus control is activated / deactivated and the on / off times are configurable.
    To generate the extra production demands, the control unit 1 accesses the heat pump 2 and writes different setpoint temperatures in excess mode, which generate extra production demands on the heat pump, either for heat production ( ACS, heating, swimming pool, heat for industrial processes, etc.) as for cooling (air conditioning, cold for industrial processes, etc.). The following are the possible excess temperature setpoints that can be sent to the heat pump 2 (to provide greater flexibility of use or adaptation to the thermal installation, these excess temperature setpoints are user configurable):
    EXCESSIVE ACS TEMPERATURE: It is the target temperature that the heat pump must maintain in the DHW accumulator.
    tO

    INERTIA ACCUMULATING TEMPERATURE EXCEDENT HEATING: It is the target temperature that the heat pump must maintain in the heating inertia accumulator.
    INERTIA ACCUMULATING TEMPERATURE EXCESS COOLING: It is the target temperature that the heat pump must maintain in the cooling inertia accumulator.
    EXCEDENT POOL TEMPERATURE: It is the target temperature that the heat pump must maintain in the pool cup.
    EXCESSIVE IMPULSION TEMPERATURE: It is the target flow temperature that the heat pump must maintain in the supply to the service, either for heating or cooling applications.
    EXCEDENT ENVIRONMENT TEMPERATURE. It is the target ambient temperature that the heat pump must maintain in a room to be heated.
    Depending on the configuration of heat pump 2, type of installation and operating program activated, heat pump 2 uses one or the other temperature setpoints to generate excess production demands. On the other hand, the control unit 1 monitors the balance of electrical energy with respect to the network and, for example, by means of a PID control, generates a proportional variable between O and 100 with respect to the value of the energy balance to be stabilized. The value of the balance to be stabilized will normally be O, that is, a balance that adjusts consumption to production. However, to give greater flexibility in the use of the system it is possible to configure other values, such as stabilizing a net consumption of 0.5 kW (-0.5 kW) or a net production of 0.5 kW (+0 , 5 kW).
    Figure 2 shows, according to a possible embodiment, the flow chart of the process 100 executed in the control unit 1 for the use of energy surpluses. First, the control unit 1 performs a reading of the energy meter 102 (bidirectional energy meter) to know the real-time balance between the network and the installation.
    The control unit 1 checks 104, based on said measurements and at one or more thresholds
    or control limits of surplus 106, if the activation or deactivation of the operating mode with excess energy is carried out. The control limits of surplus 106 may be

    configured by the user. In said check 104 the control unit 1 can also take into account that the excess control limits 106 are repeatedly exceeded for at least a set time, and not in a single point reading of the energy meter.
    When the energy balance regulation is activated, the control unit 1 proceeds to make an adjustment of the energy balance 108 with respect to the network, considering an energy balance setpoint 110 that is desired to be established between the network and the installation. Said energy balance setpoint, normally set to O, is configurable by the user.
    Finally, the control unit 1, based on operating instructions of surplus 114 (previously defined and configurable by the user) and the data previously obtained, sends 112 of the following control variables to the heat pump 2:
    - State of surplus mode 116: variable indicating that there is surplus. - Operation codes in surplus mode 118: temperature setpoints in surplus mode previously explained.
    - Energy balance regulation 120: variable proportional to the consumption of the heat pump 2 necessary to adjust the energy balance between the network and the installation to the desired value.
    In the flowchart of Figure 2, the white parallelograms (references 106, 110 and 114) represent the configurable data previously provided by the user, while the gray parallelograms (references 116, 11, 8 and 120) represent the data or variables of control sent from the control unit 1 to the heat pump 2.
    The heat pump 2 includes a management software with a surplus management functionality, which allows you to receive information from the control unit 1 and act on its operating parameters to realize a compressor consumption that adjusts in real time to the surplus of electrical production of the installation. The heat pump 2 uses the information received from the control unit 1 to perform an extra thermal production with the electrical surplus generated by the renewable system, without generating significant additional electrical consumption. Said extra thermal energy can be stored in different elements of the thermal installation, such as heating and cooling inertia accumulators, DHW accumulator, swimming pool, underfloor heating system mortar, in the ambient air of the rooms to be heated or others.
    In order to carry out this surplus management functionality successfully, it is
    5 important to ensure that at all times the heat pump 2 and the thermal installation inas a whole they remain within the allowed operating ranges. Moreover, you mustguaranteed control of power consumption applied by control unit 1 to the pumpHeat 2 does not reduce the performance of the heat pump 2; on the contrary,the power contribution required to meet the base needs of the
    10 thermal installation.
    To meet these requirements, the heat pump 2 manages two types of production demands, on the one hand the demands generated by the operating instructions of the thermal installation (base operation setpoints), and on the other hand the demands generated by the 15 operating setpoints received from control unit 1 (operating setpoints in surplus mode 118). The flow diagram of the process 200 executed by the surplus management functionality executed in the heat pump 2, which begins with a reading 202 of the heat pump sensors, is shown in Figure 3. Depending on the values of the different variables and setpoints received, heat pump 2 discriminates
    20 between the following situations to determine how you should act:
    1. There is a base demand: In step 204, the heat pump checks if there is a base demand, in which case the thermal installation does not meet the base operation setpoints 206. Heat pump 2 works as a
    25 in a normal way regardless of the information received from the control unit 1, regardless of whether the surplus management mode is active or not. Therefore, the heat pump is kept on but with the power control off 218 (the power control consumed by the heat pump is not applied to ensure that the requirements of the
    30 thermal installation).
    2. There is no base demand or electrical surplus: Once it has been verified in 204 that there is no base demand, in step 208 the heat pump 2 checks whether there is an active electrical surplus (checks the value of the surplus mode state 116). In
    35 In this situation, the thermal installation has the basic operating instructions satisfied but there is no surplus of electrical energy that can be used to produce and store thermal energy in the installation. In this way, heat pump 2 turns off 216 and remains waiting for some production demand to be activated.
    3. There is no base demand, there is an electrical surplus, and there is no demand for a surplus: In this situation the thermal installation has met the basic operation setpoints 206 (Le. There is no base demand) and there is a surplus of electrical energy, but in the step 210 however, it is verified that there is no capacity to store thermal energy in the installation since the operating instructions in excess mode 118 are satisfied. In this situation, the heat pump 2 shuts down 216 and remains waiting for some production demand to be activated.
    Four. There is no base demand, there is an electrical surplus and there is a demand for a surplus: In this situation, the thermal installation has the base operation setpoints satisfied, there is a surplus of electrical energy and there is the ability to store thermal energy in the installation. Heat pump 2 works by storing thermal energy in various elements of the thermal installation (accumulators, pool, underfloor mortar or room air), but in this case applying a power control 212 consumed by the compressor to adjust the balance with the power grid at the value set in the control unit 1 by means of the energy balance regulation variable 120. For this purpose, the heat pump 2 takes as a maximum consumption reference the regulation signal received from the control unit 1 e Try to adjust to it, while taking into account the operating limits of both the heat pump 2 and the thermal installation in general. The heat pump is kept on with the power control activated 214.
    In this way, the heat pump 2 guarantees that the base production demands are met regardless of whether or not there is an excess of electrical production, while the surpluses of electrical production are used to store thermal energy through the use of the pump of heat without generating extra important electrical consumption. In this scheme, the white parallelogram (reference 206) represents the

    configurable data and provided by the user, and the gray parallelograms (reference 116.1 18 and 120) represent the data received from the control unit 1.
    Heat pump 2 must be able to handle different production demands for base production and for production from surpluses. To do this, it must be able to identify the different cases described above so as not to make reductions in consumption that harm the base production. For the regulation of the energy balance, power control of the compressor 212, the generated signal (by a PID, for example) must not be used directly to adjust the speed of the compressor. The compressor must take this information as an upper limit of consumption since there may be other restrictions that do not allow the compressor to work in the conditions imposed.
    The operation and purpose of the invention can be better understood with a brief description of an example of a practical application for the use of surpluses of electricity generation of a photovoltaic solar system connected to the grid, as shown in Figure 4.
    An electric generator consisting of photovoltaic modules 7 receives light from the sun and transforms it into direct current. A mains connection inverter 8 transforms the direct current into alternating current in the conditions of voltage and frequency necessary to feed both the heat pump 2 and the additional electrical loads 6 'of the installation, as well as for its injection into the electrical network 4. A bidirectional energy meter 3, placed at some point border between the electrical network 4 and the loads (heat pump 2 and additional electrical loads 6 'of the installation), records in real time the value of the energy balance . The alternating current from the inverter 8 or the power grid 4 is distributed to supply the electrical loads of the installation 6. The control unit 1 collects the value of the balance of the bidirectional energy meter 3. Depending on this data, the unit Control 1 determines if the system is in an electrical surplus situation, and acts on the control parameters of the heat pump 2 to generate surplus demands and modulate its consumption to adjust the energy balance to the set value. Heat pump 2 produces thermal energy by adjusting to the objective balance value between the power grid 4 and the installation. This thermal energy (both heat and cold) is accumulated in an DHW tank 9 and a heating inertia tank 11.
    Below is an example of the operation of the installation described above considering the following configuration in the control unit 1 and in the heat pump 2.
    5 Base operating instructions 206 programmed in heat pump 2:ACS base temperature = 45 'CTemperature inertia base heating = 45 ° C
    Operating instructions for surplus 114 programmed in control unit 1: 10 DHW temperature exceeding = 60 ° C Heating inertia temperature exceeding = 55 ° C
    Operating limits for surplus mode 106 programmed in control unit 1: Upper limit limit = 0.5 kW
    15 Lower regulation limit = 2 kW Upper regulation time = 30 s Lower regulation time = 30 s Balance setpoint = OkW
    20 When control unit 1 detects that more than 0.5 kW is being injected into the mains for more than 30 seconds, it enables the regulation of electrical surplus. An example of the reading of the energy meter 102 and the different established variables is shown in Figure 5. In the first section of the graph it is verified that the conditions to enable the regulation are met, since the power read from the counter is greater than
    25 upper limit of regulation (LlMfTE_SUPERIOR_REGULACfON) for a time exceeding the threshold set (TlEMPO_SUPERJOR_REGULACJON).
    Heat pump 2 verifies that the base operating instructions 206 are satisfied, that is, that the DHW accumulator and the heating inertia accumulator
    30 have reached 45 ° C. In the event that the DHW and heating accumulators do not reach 45 ° C, the heat pump 2 attends these services in a normal way without applying a power control on the compressor. If the base setpoints in the DHW and heating inertia accumulators reach 45 ° C, the heat pump 2 verifies that the surplus control mode has been activated by the control unit 1.
    35 If yes, the heat pump takes the excess setpoint provided by the control unit 1. In this way, the setpoint of the DHW tank would become 65 ° C and that of the heating inertia tank at 55 ° C. The control unit 1 generates a value variable between 0 and 100 proportional to the difference between the actual energy balance between the network and the installation and the desired one. The heat pump 2 tries to comply with the excess temperature setpoints but by applying a power control on the compressor according to the value indicated by the control unit 1. In the final section of the graph of Figure 5 it can be observed as once When the power consumption consumed by the heat pump is activated, the energy balance with respect to the network is close to the desired value, in this case O kW.
    In the event that the production decreases or the consumption of the installation increases, and the network balance indicates a network consumption greater than 2 kW for 30 seconds, the control unit 1 deactivates the excess regulation. Heat pump 2 once again meets the demands of base operation without applying power control. In case these are satisfied, the heat pump 2 will shut down and remain waiting for any starting demand to be activated, either due to the base or excess operating instructions.
    The heat pump 2 alternates between the previous situations to take full advantage of the electrical surplus generated by the photovoltaic system, without generating significant unnecessary extra consumption, while ensuring the production necessary to meet the basic demands, is that is, maintain a temperature of 45 oC both in the heating inertia accumulator and in the ACS.
    An example of the regulation of excess energy using a modulating heat pump according to the present invention is shown in Figure 6. The graph shows the evolution of the speed of the compressor 21 and the energy balance 22 of injection / consumption between the power grid 4 and the installation. The striped area with a continuous horizontal line 23 represents the use of the surplus for the production of thermal energy by means of the heat pump 2 for a given period of time. The striped area with a dashed horizontal line 24 represents the net consumption with respect to the network. Finally, the oblique striped area 25 represents the electrical surplus not used by the system.

    In Figures 7 AY 7B a comparison is shown between the potential for use of the electric surplus with an all / nothing heat pump (Figure 7 A) and a modulating heat pump with surplus management technology according to the present invention ( Figure 7B). In both graphs, a type profile of electrical surplus 31 generated by the photovoltaic system is represented in a continuous line, the horizontally striped area represents the potential for using excess 32, the area with a continuous oblique line represents the unusable surplus 33 and the area dashed with a dashed horizontal line the extra power consumption 34 that is generated when the system is activated. As can be seen, the exploitation potential of the surplus 32 of a modulating heat pump system (Figure 7B) is much greater than the exploitation potential of the excess 32 of a system with an all / nothing heat pump (Figure 7 A).
    The activation of the all / nothing compressor for balancing the energy balance implies in most situations an extra electrical consumption, because the compressor's electrical consumption is greater than the surplus. As the activation limit of the all / nothing heat pump is reduced, the greater the use of the surplus; however, the extra generated electricity consumption is also increased. Therefore, important network injections are required regarding the consumption of the heat pump to compensate for its activation.
    The heat pump modulating compressor 2, however, can be activated to consume the surplus at injection levels significantly below all / nothing, without compromising the efficiency of the system, since only a network consumption is generated in the case that the power produced is not sufficient to maintain the minimum speed of the compressor.
    The fact that the consumption of the modulating heat pump can be adapted to the production almost instantaneously, makes it a very effective solution for the accumulation of surplus even before abrupt variations in the generation typical of renewable sources. The accumulation of thermal energy in periods of increased production means significant energy savings in any installation that requires these services, especially considering that air conditioning solutions are usually solutions that involve high electrical consumption.
    Another possible embodiment is shown in Figure 8, using the example of Figure 4, where the surplus management functionality is not carried out in two independent and separate equipment (heat pump 2 and control unit 1) but the functionality provided by the control unit 1 is directly implemented in the heat pump 2. That is, the pump
    Heat 5 includes all surplus management software and uses only an external energy meter (bidirectional energy meter 3) to read the energy balance information. At the logic block level it is considered that the control unit 1 is included in the heat pump 2 itself (the control unit 1 can be the control electronics of the heat pump, properly programmed).
    10 In the embodiments shown in Figures 4 and 8 the bidirectional energy meter 3 is an external element to the control unit 1 that is installed at any point of the electrical installation and monitors the exchange of energy between the network and the installation. In another embodiment said bidirectional energy meter 3 may be incorporated in the
    15 own control unit 1. On the other hand, current renewable production systems have equipment that measures and uses information on the energy balance with the network to regulate the system, such as an inverter of a photovoltaic system. Therefore, it is also possible to read the information of the energy balance directly from the equipment of the renewable production system without the need to use an energy meter.
    20 own energy. In this way, the system uses energy balance measurement means between the installation with the power grid, where said measuring means can be implemented in different ways, such as by means of the bi-directional energy meter 3 external to the control unit 1 as It is represented in Figures 4 and 8.
    权利要求:
    Claims (11)
    [1]
    1. System for the use of surpluses of electrical energy from an installation with renewable electricity generation, characterized in that it comprises: a heat pump (2) with at least one modulating compressor configured to adjust the power consumed based on a setpoint of production; a control unit (1) configured to: monitor the energy balance between the power grid (4) and an electrical installation 10 (10) with a renewable production system (5);
    determine, based on said energy balance and at least a limit of
    surplus control (106), if an authorization of the regulation of
    excess energy;
    calculate a surplus production setpoint that includes at least one
    15 operation parameter of the heat pump (2) to adjust the energy balance of the electrical installation (10) with the power grid (4) according to a certain energy balance setpoint (1 10);
    send the excess production setpoint to the heat pump (2).
    System according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises means for measuring the energy exchange between the electricity network (4) and the electrical installation (10).
    [3]
    3. System according to claim 2, characterized in that the means for measuring the energy exchange between the power grid (4) and the electrical installation (10) comprise a
    25 bi-directional energy meter (3); where the control unit (1) is configured to monitor the energy balance from the measurements received from the bi-directional energy meter (3).
    [4]
    4. System according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the
    30 control unit (1) is configured to calculate a surplus production setpoint that balances the energy balance between the power grid (4) and the electrical installation (10).
    [5]
    5. System according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the surplus production setpoint comprises a balance control signal
    energy (120) indicative of the surplus production demand that must be generated or
    consume the heat pump (2).
    [6]
    6. System according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the
    5 surplus production setpoint comprises at least one operating setpoint insurplus mode (118) indicative of the temperature setpoint of at least one serviceHeat pump production (2).
    [7]
    7. System according to claim 6, characterized in that the at least one setpoint of
    The operation in surplus mode (1 18) comprises at least one of the following: - excess DHW temperature; - excess heating inertia accumulator temperature; - excess cooling inertia accumulator temperature; - excess pool temperature;
    15 - excess discharge temperature; -excess ambient temperature.
    [8]
    8. System according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the
    excess production setpoint comprises a status signal of excess mode 20 (116) indicative of the enablement of energy surplus regulation.
    [9]
    System according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one surplus control limit (106) comprises at least one of the following:
    25 - upper limit of power exchanged between the power grid (4) and the electrical installation (10); - lower power limit exchanged between the power grid (4) and the electrical installation (10); -time in which the upper power limit is exceeded; 30 -time in which the lower power limit is exceeded.
    [10]
    10. System according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the heat pump (2) is configured to handle base production demands according to at least one base operation setpoint (206) and, when it receives a setpoint
    35 of surplus production, manage the demand for surplus energy production according to the surplus production setpoint received.
    [11 ]
    eleven . System according to claim 10, characterized in that the heat pump (2) is configured to manage the demand for surplus energy production when
    5 meet the following conditions:
    - there is no demand for base production to be satisfied;
    - an excess mode status signal (116) indicative of the enable is received
    of the regulation of surplus energy; -There is a surplus of electrical energy that can be used to produce 10 or store thermal energy in the electrical installation (10).
    [12]
    12. Method of exploitation of surpluses of electrical energy from an installation with renewable electricity generation, characterized in that it comprises: monitoring (102) the energy balance between the electrical network (4) and an electrical installation (10) with a system of renewable production (5); determine (104), based on said energy balance and at least one surplus control limit (106), if an enabling of the surplus energy regulation is made; calculate (108) a surplus production setpoint that includes at least one operating parameter of a heat pump (2) with at least one modulating compressor 20, to adjust the energy balance of the electrical installation (10) with the grid
    electric (4) according to a certain energy balance setpoint (110); send (112) the excess production setpoint to the heat pump (2); adjust, by means of the heat pump (2), the power consumed according to the
    slogan of surplus production received.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    EP3392997A1|2018-10-24|
    EP3392997B1|2021-03-03|
    ES2635647B2|2018-04-24|
    ES2873975T3|2021-11-04|
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    EP18382181.8A| EP3392997B1|2017-04-17|2018-03-19|System and method for using excess electrical energy produced by an installation with renewable electricity generation|
    ES18382181T| ES2873975T3|2017-04-17|2018-03-19|System and method of using surplus electricity from a facility with renewable electricity generation|
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